A taxa de desemprego no Brasil subiu para 8,8% no trimestre móvel terminado em março, segundo a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) Contínua, divulgada nesta sexta-feira (28) pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).
Esse é o menor resultado para o trimestre desde 2015, quando fechou em 8%. Em relação ao trimestre imediatamente anterior, entre outubro e dezembro, o período traz aumento de 0,9 ponto percentual (7,9%) na taxa de desocupação. No mesmo trimestre de 2022, a taxa era de 11,1%.
Com isso, o número absoluto de desocupados teve alta de 10% contra o trimestre anterior, chegando a 9,4 milhões de pessoas. São 860 mil pessoas a mais entre o contingente de desocupados, comparado o último trimestre do ano passado. Em relação ao mesmo período de 2022, o recuo é de 21,1%, ou 2,5 milhões de trabalhadores.
Já o total de pessoas ocupadas teve um recuo de 1,6% contra o trimestre anterior, passando para 97,8 milhões de brasileiros. Deixaram o grupo cerca de 1,5 milhão. Na comparação anual, houve crescimento de 2,7%.
Veja os destaques da pesquisa
- Taxa de desocupação: 8,8%
- População desocupada: 9,4 milhões de pessoas
- População ocupada: 97,8 milhões
- População fora da força de trabalho: 67 milhões
- População desalentada: 3,9 milhões
- Empregados com carteira assinada: 36,7 milhões
- Empregados sem carteira assinada: 12,8 milhões
- Trabalhadores por conta própria: 25,2 milhões
- Trabalhadores domésticos: 5,7 milhões
- Trabalhadores informais: 38,1 milhões
- Taxa de informalidade: 39%
Recuo entre os sem carteira assinada
De acordo com o IBGE, o número de empregados com carteira assinada no setor privado manteve estabilidade no trimestre. Então, boa parte da queda na ocupação pode ser atribuída à redução dos trabalhadores sem carteira no setor público (-7%) e privado (-3,2%).
Setores como outros serviços (-4,3%), administração pública (-2,4%), agricultura (-2,4%), construção (-2,9%) e comércio (-1,5%) tiveram quedas expressivas no total de seus trabalhadores sem carteira. Além disso, o total de trabalhadores por conta própria com CNPJ teve queda de 8,1% (o que representa menos 559 mil pessoas).
Com isso, a taxa de informalidade voltou aos 39% da população ocupada, o que equivale a 38,1 milhões de trabalhadores informais no país. No trimestre anterior, a taxa era de 38,8%, mas estava em 40,1% no mesmo trimestre do ano anterior.
Níveis de ocupação
O IBGE mostra também que o percentual de pessoas ocupadas na população em idade de trabalhar, chamado nível de ocupação, chegou a 56,1%. Trata-se de uma queda de 1 ponto percentual em relação ao trimestre anterior (57,2%). Na comparação anual, ainda há alta de 1 p.p. (55,2%).
O contingente fora da força de trabalho foi estimado em 67 milhões de pessoas no primeiro trimestre de 2023. O incremento foi de 1,1 milhão de pessoas frente ao trimestre anterior. Na comparação anual, subiu em mais de 1,5 milhão.
Segundo Beringuy, do IBGE, o aumento de pessoas fora da força de trabalho permaneceu nas últimas divulgações de desemprego, mas não está relacionado a um aumento da população na força de trabalho potencial ou no desalento, que mostram estabilidade no trimestre e queda no ano.
Já a taxa de subutilização — percentual de pessoas desocupadas, subocupadas por insuficiência de horas trabalhadas e na força de trabalho potencial em relação a força de trabalho ampliada — foi estimada em 18,9%. É uma alta de 0,4 ponto percentual em relação ao trimestre anterior (18,5%) e uma queda na comparação anual (23,2%).
Rendimento segue estável
O rendimento real habitual ficou estável frente ao trimestre anterior em R$ 2.880. No ano, o crescimento foi de 7,4%.
Já a massa de rendimento real habitual foi estimada em R$ 277,2 bilhões. O resultado também ficou estável frente ao trimestre anterior, mas cresceu 10,8% na comparação anual.
Fonte: G1 Economia
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